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Immunology
10 flashcards
1) Innate immunity - non-specific defense present at birth. 2) Adaptive immunity - specific defense that develops after exposure to pathogens.
Physical barriers (skin, mucous membranes), chemical barriers (enzymes, stomach acid), immune cells (neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells), inflammatory response, fever response.
Dendritic cells are antigen-presenting cells that capture pathogens, process their antigens, and present them to T cells to initiate the adaptive immune response.
1) Humoral/antibody response mediated by B cells producing antibodies. 2) Cell-mediated response mediated by T cells destroying infected cells.
T cells have several functions: cytotoxic T cells kill infected cells, helper T cells stimulate other immune cells, regulatory T cells suppress immune responses.
IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, IgD - each with different structures and functions in immunity.
Vaccines expose the body to weakened or inactive parts of a pathogen, allowing it to build antibodies and memory cells to provide immunity against future infections by that pathogen.
Antigens (weakened/inactive pathogen or its components), adjuvants (enhance immune response), stabilizers/preservatives.
Herd immunity occurs when a high percentage of a population is vaccinated, providing protection for those who cannot be vaccinated.
Active immunity results from the body's exposure to a pathogen/vaccine, passive immunity involves transfer of antibodies produced by another host.