Notable Dada artists include Marcel Duchamp, Man Ray, Tristan Tzara, and Hans Arp.

Impressionism was an art movement that originated in France in the late 19th century. It emphasized capturing the fleeting effects of light and atmosphere through loose, broken brushstrokes and vivid colors.

Some of the most famous Impressionist artists include Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Camille Pissarro, and Edgar Degas.

Luncheon on the Grass' by Édouard Manet is considered a precursor to Impressionism. It challenged traditional artistic conventions by depicting a modern, casual scene with a nude woman and fully dressed men.

Post-Impressionism is a term used to describe the diverse styles that emerged after Impressionism in the late 19th century, including Neo-Impressionism, Symbolism, and Fauvism.

Key Post-Impressionist artists include Paul Cézanne, Vincent van Gogh, Paul Gauguin, and Georges Seurat.

Fauvism was a short-lived movement in the early 20th century, characterized by the use of bold, non-naturalistic colors and loose brushwork. The name 'Fauvism' means 'the wild beasts' in French.

The key Fauvist artists were Henri Matisse, André Derain, and Maurice de Vlaminck.

Cubism was a revolutionary 20th-century art movement that challenged traditional methods of depicting reality. It emphasized breaking down objects into geometric forms and presenting multiple viewpoints simultaneously.

The founders of Cubism were Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque.

Surrealism was a cultural movement that began in the 1920s, which sought to channel the unconscious mind and explore the realms of dreams and the irrational.

Famous Surrealist artists include Salvador Dalí, René Magritte, Max Ernst, and Joan Miró.

Abstract Expressionism was a dominant art movement in the mid-20th century, particularly in the United States. It emphasized spontaneous, expressive brushwork and explored the subconscious through non-representational forms.

Key Abstract Expressionist artists include Jackson Pollock, Willem de Kooning, Mark Rothko, and Clyfford Still.

Les Demoiselles d'Avignon' by Pablo Picasso is considered a seminal work that marked the beginning of Cubism and modern art. It departed from traditional representation and incorporated elements of African and Iberian art.

The Bauhaus was an influential art and design school in Germany that operated from 1919 to 1933. It promoted the integration of art, craft, and technology, and had a significant impact on modern architecture and design.

Dada was an anti-art movement that emerged in the early 20th century, rejecting reason and traditional aesthetics. It embraced nonsense, chance, and the irrational as a response to the horrors of World War I.

Pop Art is an art movement that emerged in the 1950s and 1960s, drawing inspiration from popular culture, advertising, and mass media. It challenged traditional fine art by incorporating everyday objects and iconic imagery.

Well-known Pop Artists include Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, Claes Oldenburg, and Jasper Johns.

Minimalism in art refers to a movement that emerged in the 1960s, characterized by simple, geometric forms, and a focus on the essential qualities of materials and space.

Key Minimalist artists include Donald Judd, Carl Andre, Dan Flavin, and Sol LeWitt.

Conceptual Art is an art movement that emerged in the 1960s, where the idea or concept behind the work is more important than the physical art object itself.

Influential Conceptual Artists include Marcel Duchamp, Sol LeWitt, Joseph Kosuth, and Yoko Ono.

Marcel Duchamp's 'Fountain' (a urinal signed 'R. Mutt') is considered a seminal work of Conceptual Art and Dada. It challenged the traditional definition of art and the role of the artist.

Impressionist painting technique involved using small, broken brushstrokes of pure color to capture the changing effects of light and atmosphere, often painting outdoors (en plein air).

Claude Monet's series of paintings depicting haystacks at different times of day and under different lighting conditions is considered a seminal work of Impressionism, capturing the transient effects of light and atmosphere.

Post-Impressionist painting style moved away from the Impressionist emphasis on capturing fleeting effects of light and atmosphere, and instead focused on more expressive, symbolic, and subjective representations of reality.

Paul Cézanne is considered a pivotal figure in the transition from Impressionism to modern art. His work paved the way for Cubism and other avant-garde movements through his innovative use of color, form, and perspective.

Vincent van Gogh's intensely expressive and emotionally charged paintings, with their bold colors and vigorous brushwork, had a profound influence on modern Expressionism and Fauvism.

Pablo Picasso's Cubist paintings, such as 'Les Demoiselles d'Avignon' and 'Guernica,' revolutionized the representation of form and space, depicting objects from multiple viewpoints simultaneously and breaking them down into geometric shapes.

Salvador Dalí's Surrealist paintings, such as 'The Persistence of Memory' and 'Swans Reflecting Elephants,' explored the subconscious mind and the world of dreams through bizarre, dream-like imagery and juxtapositions of familiar objects in unfamiliar contexts.

Jackson Pollock's drip paintings, such as 'One: Number 31, 1950,' represented a revolutionary approach to painting, where the canvas was laid on the floor and paint was dripped, poured, and splattered onto it in a spontaneous, expressive manner.

Andy Warhol's Pop Art, such as his iconic Campbell's Soup Cans and Marilyn Diptych, challenged the boundaries between high art and popular culture, incorporating mass-produced images and consumer goods into his art.

Marcel Duchamp's readymades, such as 'Fountain' (a signed urinal), challenged traditional definitions of art and the role of the artist, paving the way for Conceptual Art and questioning the value and meaning of art objects.

The Bauhaus school in Germany (1919-1933) had a profound influence on modern architecture, design, and art education, promoting the integration of art, craft, and technology, and emphasizing functionality and simplicity of form.

The Dada movement, which emerged in the early 20th century, rejected reason and traditional aesthetics, embracing nonsense, chance, and the irrational as a response to the horrors of World War I, and paving the way for later avant-garde movements.

Minimalism in art, which emerged in the 1960s, challenged traditional notions of art by stripping away any non-essential elements and focusing on the essential qualities of materials, space, and form, often using simple geometric shapes and industrial materials.

Conceptual Art, which emerged in the 1960s, challenged the traditional notion of art as a physical object, instead focusing on the idea or concept behind the work, paving the way for new forms of artistic expression and questioning the role of the artist and the meaning of art.

The Feminist Art movement, which emerged in the 1960s and 1970s, challenged the male-dominated art world and traditional representations of women, using art as a means of expressing women's experiences, identities, and perspectives, and addressing issues of gender, power, and sexuality.

The Young British Artists (YBAs), which emerged in the late 1980s and 1990s, challenged traditional art forms and materials, often incorporating controversial or shocking elements, and addressing contemporary social and political issues through their art.

Street art and graffiti art, which emerged in the late 20th century, challenged traditional notions of art by taking art out of galleries and museums and into public spaces, often addressing social and political issues and expressing counter-cultural values.

Contemporary art, which emerged in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, is characterized by its diversity and openness to new forms, materials, and technologies, often addressing contemporary social, political, and cultural issues and challenging traditional notions of art and its role in society.

The use of new media, such as digital art, video art, and installation art, has challenged traditional art forms and opened up new possibilities for artistic expression, often incorporating technology and exploring the relationship between art, media, and society.

Performance art, which emerged in the 1960s and 1970s, challenged traditional notions of art by making the artist's body and actions the primary medium, often addressing social and political issues and exploring the relationship between art and life.

Land art and environmental art, which emerged in the 1960s and 1970s, challenged traditional notions of art by using natural landscapes and materials as their canvas, often addressing issues of sustainability, environmental conservation, and humanity's relationship with nature.