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Free flashcards to ace your USMLE - Anatomy
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Anatomy
45 flashcards
The main function of the pancreas is to produce enzymes that aid in digestion and hormones that regulate blood sugar levels.
The main anatomical divisions of the human body are head, neck, trunk, upper limbs, and lower limbs.
The major organs found in the abdominal cavity are the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and kidneys.
The largest bone in the human body is the femur (thigh bone).
The skeletal system provides structural support, facilitates movement, protects vital organs, produces blood cells, and stores minerals like calcium and phosphorus.
The main function of the muscular system is to enable movement by contracting and relaxing muscles attached to bones and other structures.
The four main types of tissues in the human body are epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue, and nervous tissue.
The largest organ in the human body is the skin.
The respiratory system is responsible for the intake of oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide, enabling gas exchange in the lungs.
The primary function of the cardiovascular system is to transport blood, nutrients, oxygen, and other substances throughout the body.
The main function of the digestive system is to break down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and used by the body for energy, growth, and repair.
The major components of the central nervous system are the brain and the spinal cord.
The peripheral nervous system consists of nerves that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body, allowing communication between the brain and spinal cord and the rest of the body.
The main function of the endocrine system is to produce and secrete hormones that regulate various bodily functions, such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
The primary function of the urinary system is to filter waste products from the blood and excrete them from the body in the form of urine.
The lymphatic system is responsible for immune function, fluid balance, and the absorption of fats and fatty acids from the digestive system.
The largest artery in the human body is the aorta.
The main function of the heart is to pump oxygenated blood to all parts of the body through the circulatory system.
The largest vein in the human body is the inferior vena cava.
The liver has numerous functions, including detoxification, protein synthesis, production of biochemicals necessary for digestion, and the storage of vitamins and minerals.
The spleen is part of the lymphatic system and is responsible for filtering blood, removing old red blood cells, and producing white blood cells.
The primary function of the kidneys is to filter waste products from the blood and produce urine for excretion.
The adrenal glands produce hormones that regulate stress response, blood pressure, and metabolism.
The pituitary gland is often referred to as the 'master gland' because it produces hormones that regulate other endocrine glands and various bodily functions, such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and development.
The main function of the lungs is to facilitate gas exchange, allowing the intake of oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide.
The three main parts of the brain are the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain.
The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for higher cognitive functions, such as reasoning, emotions, learning, and fine motor control.
The cerebellum is primarily responsible for coordinating movement, posture, and balance.
The brainstem is responsible for regulating basic life functions, such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure, and relaying information between the brain and the rest of the body.
The main function of the spinal cord is to serve as a communication pathway between the brain and the rest of the body, allowing for the transmission of sensory and motor information.
The three main layers of the meninges, which protect the brain and spinal cord, are the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.
The peripheral nervous system consists of nerves that connect the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) to the rest of the body, allowing for communication between the brain and the body's organs and muscles.
The two main divisions of the peripheral nervous system are the somatic nervous system, which controls voluntary movement, and the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion.
The three main types of muscles in the human body are skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, and cardiac muscles.
Skeletal muscles are responsible for voluntary movements and are attached to bones by tendons, allowing for movement and positioning of the body.
Smooth muscles are found in the walls of hollow organs like the digestive tract, blood vessels, and respiratory system, and their contractions are involuntary and aid in functions like digestion, blood flow, and breathing.
Cardiac muscles are found in the walls of the heart and are responsible for the contraction and pumping of blood through the circulatory system.
The three main types of joints in the human body are fibrous joints (immovable), cartilaginous joints (slightly movable), and synovial joints (freely movable).
The main function of synovial joints is to allow for a wide range of movement and flexibility in the body.
The lymphatic system is a network of vessels, tissues, and organs that play a crucial role in the body's immune response, as well as in the absorption and transportation of fats and fluids.
The main components of the lymphatic system are lymph nodes, lymph vessels, lymph, and lymphatic organs such as the spleen, thymus, and bone marrow.
The thymus gland is part of the lymphatic system and is responsible for the production and maturation of T lymphocytes, which are a type of white blood cell critical for the immune system.
The bone marrow is the soft, spongy tissue found inside bones and is responsible for the production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
The integumentary system, which includes the skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands, serves to protect the body from injury, regulate body temperature, and excrete waste products.