Religion is a system of beliefs, practices, and rituals related to the sacred or supernatural, often involving a belief in a higher power or powers.

The major world religions are Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Sikhism, and various folk religions.

The sacred text of Christianity is the Bible, which consists of the Old Testament and the New Testament.

The Quran is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be the direct word of God as revealed to the prophet Muhammad.

Karma is the principle of cause and effect in Hinduism, where virtuous or harmful acts determine one's future circumstances, including reincarnation.

The Four Noble Truths in Buddhism are: (1) life is suffering, (2) suffering is caused by desire, (3) suffering can be ended by eliminating desire, and (4) the path to eliminate desire is the Eightfold Path.

The Torah is the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, which comprises the foundational narrative and legal code of Judaism.

Nirvana is the state of being free from suffering and the cycle of rebirth, achieved through the elimination of desire and the attainment of enlightenment.

Monotheism is the belief in the existence of a single god or deity, in contrast to polytheism (belief in multiple gods).

Predestination is the belief that all events have been willed or determined in advance by divine providence, including the salvation or damnation of individuals.

Jihad is an Islamic term that refers to a spiritual struggle or effort, which can take various forms, including internal self-improvement or external defense of the faith.

Reincarnation, or samsara, is the Hindu belief that the soul is reborn into a new body after death, with the circumstances of the next life determined by the karma accumulated in the previous life.

The Talmud is a central text of Rabbinic Judaism that comprises the Mishnah (a written compendium of Jewish oral laws) and the Gemara (a rabbinical commentary on the Mishnah).

The Trinity is the Christian doctrine that God exists as three distinct but inseparable entities: the Father, the Son (Jesus Christ), and the Holy Spirit.

The Five Pillars of Islam are the five basic acts considered obligatory for Muslims: (1) the shahadah (profession of faith), (2) salat (daily prayer), (3) zakat (charity), (4) sawm (fasting during Ramadan), and (5) hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca).

The Eightfold Path in Buddhism is a set of eight practices or principles that lead to the cessation of suffering: (1) right view, (2) right intention, (3) right speech, (4) right action, (5) right livelihood, (6) right effort, (7) right mindfulness, and (8) right concentration.

The Ten Commandments are a set of biblical principles relating to ethics and worship, which play a fundamental role in both Judaism and Christianity.

The Five Ks in Sikhism are five articles of faith that initiated Sikhs must wear: Kesh (uncut hair), Kangha (a small comb), Kara (a steel bracelet), Kirpan (a sword or dagger), and Kachehra (short trousers).

Yin and Yang are complementary forces or principles in Taoism, representing the duality and interconnectedness of all things in the natural world.

The Bhagavad Gita is a sacred Hindu scripture that forms part of the epic Mahabharata, containing philosophical teachings on topics such as duty, devotion, and the nature of reality.

The Book of Mormon is a sacred text of the Latter-day Saint movement, which adherents believe to be a record of God's dealings with the ancient inhabitants of the Americas.

The Upanishads are a collection of philosophical texts in Hinduism that explore the nature of ultimate reality and the relationship between the individual soul (Atman) and the universal soul (Brahman).

The Four Noble Truths in Buddhism are: (1) life is suffering, (2) suffering is caused by desire, (3) suffering can be ended by eliminating desire, and (4) the path to eliminate desire is the Eightfold Path.

The Five Sheaths (Pancha Kosha) in Hinduism are the five layers or levels of existence that cover the Atman (true self): Annamaya Kosha (physical body), Pranamaya Kosha (vital energy), Manomaya Kosha (mind and emotions), Vijnanamaya Kosha (intellect and knowledge), and Anandamaya Kosha (bliss).

The Synoptic Gospels are the first three gospels in the New Testament (Matthew, Mark, and Luke), which share many similarities in their accounts of the life, ministry, and teachings of Jesus.

The Hadith are a collection of accounts and sayings attributed to the Prophet Muhammad, which serve as a guide for Muslim life and a source of Islamic jurisprudence, second only to the Quran.

Dharma in Buddhism refers to the teachings of the Buddha, as well as the universal laws and principles that govern all phenomena in the universe.

The Vedas are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India, comprising the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest scriptures of Hinduism.

Zoroastrianism is one of the oldest monotheistic religions, founded in ancient Persia by the prophet Zoroaster, and centered around the worship of Ahura Mazda, the supreme creator god.

Kabbalah is an esoteric tradition of Jewish mysticism that explores the nature of God, the universe, and the human soul through symbolic interpretations of sacred texts.

The Rosary is a set of prayers and meditations in the Catholic Church, recited using a string of beads, focused on the life, ministry, and virtues of Jesus and the Virgin Mary.

Cao Dai is a relatively modern syncretistic religion that combines elements of Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, Christianity, and other traditions, originating in Vietnam in the early 20th century.

The Filioque is a doctrinal debate within Christianity about whether the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father alone (the Eastern Orthodox view) or from both the Father and the Son (the Western Catholic view).

Iconography refers to the study and interpretation of religious imagery and symbols, particularly in the context of Christian art and architecture, such as the use of icons and images to represent sacred figures and events.

Mahayana Buddhism is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, known for its emphasis on the bodhisattva ideal, the goal of attaining enlightenment for the benefit of all beings, and its use of various philosophical texts and teachings.

Tantra is a tradition of spiritual practices and rituals within Hinduism, focused on the attainment of enlightenment and spiritual power through the channeling and transformation of energies, often involving the use of mantras, yantras, and ritualistic practices.

Theravada Buddhism, also known as the Doctrine of the Elders, is one of the two major branches of Buddhism, emphasizing the direct teachings of the Buddha as preserved in the Pali Canon, and the goal of individual enlightenment and liberation from suffering.

Yin and Yang are complementary forces or principles in Taoism, representing the duality and interconnectedness of all things in the natural world, symbolizing the harmony and balance of opposite but interconnected energies.

Zen Buddhism is a branch of Mahayana Buddhism that emphasizes the attainment of enlightenment through direct experience and meditation, emphasizing the importance of mindfulness, self-inquiry, and the rejection of verbal formulations of truth.

Ahimsa is the principle of non-violence or non-harm toward all living beings, a fundamental tenet of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, promoting a way of life based on non-violence, compassion, and respect for all forms of life.

Ashrama refers to the four stages or phases of life in Hinduism: Brahmacharya (student life), Grihastha (householder life), Vanaprastha (retired life), and Sannyasa (renunciation), each with its own set of duties and responsibilities.

Ecclesiology is the study of the nature, authority, and organization of the Christian church, including its origins, doctrines, practices, and relationship to Jesus Christ and the world.

Eschatology is the branch of theology concerned with the study of the last things or the end times, including concepts such as death, judgment, the afterlife, the destiny of humanity, and the ultimate fate of the universe.

Hermeneutics is the theory and methodology of interpretation, especially concerning the study of sacred texts and their meanings, used to uncover the intended meanings and cultural contexts of religious writings.

Mysticism refers to the pursuit of spiritual union with the divine or ultimate reality through direct experience, intuition, and contemplation, often involving practices such as meditation, asceticism, and the cultivation of inner spiritual states.

A pilgrimage is a journey or travel undertaken for religious or spiritual purposes, often involving the visitation of sacred sites, shrines, or locations of significance to one's faith.

Sufism is a mystical tradition within Islam that emphasizes the inward search for divine truth and spiritual union with God through practices such as asceticism, meditation, and the recitation of poetry and music.

Theodicy is the attempt to reconcile the existence of evil or suffering in the world with the notion of an omnipotent, omniscient, and omnibenevolent God, addressing the philosophical and theological question of why evil exists.