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Classical Civilisation Flashcards

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Classical Civilisation

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The two major civilizations of classical antiquity were Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.
The main periods of Ancient Greek history were the Archaic period, the Classical period, and the Hellenistic period.
The Acropolis was a fortified citadel in Athens that contained important temples and monuments, including the Parthenon.
Some of the main philosophers of Ancient Greece were Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.
The Peloponnesian War was a conflict between Athens and Sparta that lasted from 431 to 404 BC.
The Roman Republic was a period of ancient Roman civilization when power was shared between consuls, the Senate, and assemblies.
The first emperors of the Roman Empire were Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero.
The Colosseum was a massive amphitheater in Rome used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles.
The Pax Romana was a period of relative peace and stability across the Roman Empire that lasted from 27 BC to 180 AD.
Some of the main Roman gods and goddesses were Jupiter, Juno, Minerva, Mars, Venus, and Apollo.
The Punic Wars were a series of conflicts between Rome and Carthage that led to the eventual destruction of Carthage.
The Roman Principate was the period of the Roman Empire from 27 BC to 284 AD when the empire was ruled by emperors.
The Roman legions were the primary units of the Roman army and played a crucial role in the expansion and defense of the Roman Empire.
The main types of Roman architecture included arches, domes, aqueducts, amphitheaters, baths, and triumphal arches.
The Circus Maximus was a massive arena in Rome used for chariot racing and other public entertainment events.
The Battle of Actium in 31 BC marked the end of the Roman Republic and the beginning of the Roman Empire under Augustus.
The Roman Forum was the center of daily life in ancient Rome and contained important government buildings, temples, and markets.
Gladiators were professional fighters who entertained audiences in violent contests in Roman arenas and amphitheaters.
The Pantheon was a former Roman temple dedicated to all the gods that is now a church and a famous example of Roman architecture.
Romanization was the process of assimilating conquered peoples into Roman culture, language, and customs.
The Vestal Virgins were a group of priestesses in ancient Rome who tended the sacred fire of Vesta and took vows of chastity.
The Ides of March was the date on which Julius Caesar was assassinated by a group of Roman senators in 44 BC.
Patronage was a system in ancient Rome where wealthy citizens provided financial and social support to clients in exchange for political influence.
The main forms of Roman entertainment included chariot racing, gladiatorial contests, theatrical performances, and public spectacles.
The conflict between the Roman Republic and Hannibal, the Carthaginian military leader, was a key part of the Second Punic War.
Roman baths were public bathing facilities that were important social and cultural centers in ancient Roman cities.
Triumphs were grand ceremonial processions in ancient Rome to celebrate military victories and honor successful generals.
The Roman Senate was a governing and advisory body that played a crucial role in the Roman Republic and early Roman Empire.
Pietas was a Roman virtue that encompassed duty, loyalty, and reverence towards family, country, and the gods.
Adopting heirs was a common practice among Roman aristocrats to continue their family line and pass on their wealth and status.
Roman aqueducts were engineering marvels that supplied water to cities and settlements across the Roman Empire.
Divination was the practice of seeking knowledge of the future or the will of the gods through interpreting natural signs and omens.
Wealthy Roman families kept wax masks of their ancestors to honor their memory and display their family's legacy.
Client-patron relationships were social and economic ties between wealthy patrons and their clients in exchange for services and loyalty.
Manumission was the formal process of freeing enslaved people in ancient Rome, granting them legal freedom and citizenship.
Augury was the Roman practice of interpreting the will of the gods through observing the flight patterns of birds and other natural signs.
Apotheosis was the process of deifying a deceased Roman emperor and making them an official state god of the Roman Empire.
Triumphal arches were monumental structures built in ancient Rome to commemorate military victories and glorify the emperor.
Sacrifice was an important religious ritual in ancient Rome where animals or other offerings were made to appease the gods.
Deification was the process of making a deceased Roman emperor into a god after their death as part of the imperial cult.
Public games and spectacles, such as chariot races and gladiatorial contests, were important forms of entertainment and social events in ancient Rome.
Honoring military victories through triumphs, monuments, and other celebrations was an important part of Roman culture and propaganda.
The adoption of foreign deities into the Roman pantheon was a way for the Romans to assimilate conquered peoples and their cultures.
Public banquets were important social and political events in ancient Rome where the elite would gather and display their wealth and status.
Cremation was a common funerary practice in ancient Rome, where the bodies of the deceased were burned and their ashes interred.
Household gods, or lares, were deities that wealthy Roman families would keep shrines for in their homes for protection and good fortune.
Votive offerings were gifts or objects dedicated to the gods in ancient Rome as part of religious rituals or in fulfillment of vows.
Consulting oracles, such as the Sibylline Books, was a way for the Romans to seek guidance and prophecies from the gods on important matters.
The fasces was a bundle of wooden rods with an axe, symbolizing power and authority in ancient Rome and carried by magistrates.
The Capitoline Wolf was a famous bronze sculpture depicting a she-wolf nursing the mythical founders of Rome, Romulus and Remus.